Simply put, in the science of chemistry, they are a group of organic substances whose molecular structure includes only atoms of carbon and hydrogen elements. Hydrocarbons, are classified into two groups, aliphatic and aromatic.
Types of oil producing hydrocarbons
- Paraffinic hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons of naphthenes
- Aromatic hydrocarbons
- Asphaltic hydrocarbons
Paraffinic hydrocarbons (alkanes)
Alkalenes are the simplest and lightest molecules of the paraffin series, they have simple bonds, they are chain or linear molecules, they can have side branches or no branches. Light paraffins are specific to natural gas and heavier types are found in crude oil. The simplest is methane.
Hydrocarbons of naphthenes (cycloalkalines or cycloparaffins)
The simplest hydrocarbons are ringed, simple bonds, saturated, can have side branches, naphthenes are rare in gases, but more in crude oils. The purer the crude oil composition, the higher the amount of naphthenes.
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons with single and double bonds have a benzene structural unit and are unsaturated.
Asphaltic hydrocarbons
It includes a combination of aromatic ring molecules in large numbers, along with elements (O, N, S) that are very heavy and unsaturated in total and do not have a specific general formula. They are mostly found in low-quality and thick heavy crude oils or in solid oils (natural asphalt).
What is a light hydrocarbon?
Many of the materials and objects that we use in our daily life are products that were known by complex scientific names in laboratories and by researchers and scientists before being put on the market. After these substances are ready for consumption and market, a simple name is given to them for the convenience of the general public.
Hydrocarbon is also one of the substances that we deal with every day in our normal life, but due to the lack of popularity of this name, we may not know what this substance is. One of the most common manifestations of hydrocarbons that we deal with in our daily lives is gasoline.
What are the compounds of light hydrocarbon?
Many of the consumable fuels and chemical derivatives we use are derived from crude oil. Light hydrocarbon is also one of the substances that is obtained from the combination of flammable substances such as light petroleum or gaseous liquids and butyl acetate with an octane close to gasoline.
When these materials are refined in the refinery, they are divided into different subgroups that have hydrocarbons with 5 to 12 carbons. In other words, the groups of alkane, alkane, and siloalkane are combined with octane and are known as light hydrocarbons or gasoline.
What is a heavy hydrocarbon?
They are a group of organic substances that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms in their molecular structure. Heavy hydrocarbon is one of the intermediate distillation fuels used in household burners and Industrial as well as internal combustion engines. In addition, it is considered one of the intermediate distillation fuels of oil refineries, which has a combination of gold and alkyl.
Application of heavy hydrocarbon
Heavy hydrocarbon is mostly used as ship fuel and has industrial and domestic uses. In addition, it is used to wash tanks. Heavy hydrocarbons are the cheapest fuel for power plants and diesel engines.
